Subject: 'Doing God's Work' by Murray N. Rothbard Date: Sun, 9 Aug 2009 22:22:37 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; type="text/html"; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00E1_01CA193F.E6A55770" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2900.5579 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_00E1_01CA193F.E6A55770 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard80.html 'Doing God's Work' by Murray N. Rothbard =

'Doing God's=20 Work'

by Murray=20 N. Rothbard
by Murray = N.=20 Rothbard

This essay originally = appeared=20 in the March 1993 issue of The=20 Rothbard-Rockwell Report.

And so to every = sailor,=20 soldier, airman, and marine who is involved in this = mission, let=20 me say you're doing God's = work.

~=20 President George Bush December 1992

In=20 his scintillating article on the Somalian incursion, = Harper's=20 editor Lewis Lapham, one of the few left-liberals who = remains=20 staunchly anti-foreign intervention, quotes the above words = from our=20 recent president. (Lewis H. Lapham, "God's Gunboats," = Harpers=20 Magazine, February) Lapham notes that Bush issued his = "prelate's=20 benediction" to the troops even though lacking "both the = miter and=20 the shepherd's staff." He also notes =96 in a timely = reminder to those=20 conservatives who have not yet re-examined their devotion to = the=20 preceding president =96 that on that very same December day = Ronnie=20 Reagan, speaking at Oxford University, urged the United = Nations to=20 develop "an army of conscience" to confront the "evil (that) = still=20 stalks the planet" even after the death of the Soviet Union. = Since=20 it is difficult to imagine evil stamped out from the world = very=20 quickly, this presumably implies a permanent standing world = army to=20 vanquish and keep down evil and sin in whatever quarter of = the globe=20 they might raise their ugly heads. In short, a permanent = global=20 Crusade.

The=20 real evil =96 this crusading spirit itself =96 first = swept over=20 America in the late 1820s in the form of what is technically = called=20 "post-millennial pietism" (PMP). In the dominant = "evangelical" form=20 that PMP assumed in the "Yankee" communities of the North = (New=20 Englanders and their transplanted kin in upstate New York, = northern=20 Ohio, northern Indiana, etc.), this meant that every man had = the=20 bounden and overriding duty to maximize the salvation of his = fellowmen, by stamping out sin and the temptations thereto. = In=20 short, he was bound to work his darndest to establish a = Christian=20 Commonwealth, a Kingdom of God on Earth. It very quickly = became=20 clear that sin was not going to be stamped out very quickly = by=20 purely voluntary means, and so the PMPers rapidly turned to=20 government to do the stamping out and the creating and the=20 uplifting. In short, as one historian perceptively put it, = for the=20 PMPers, "government became God's major instrument of=20 salvation."

This=20 turn to government was facilitated by the "pietist" part of = the PMP=20 doctrine, for this meant that the old Puritan emphasis on = creed and=20 God's Law, much less the Catholic or Lutheran emphasis on = liturgy or=20 the sacramental Church, was swept aside. Christianity became = totally=20 focused in a vaguely pietist, "born again," mood on the part = of each=20 basically creedless and Church-less individual soul. Shorn = of Church=20 or creed, the individual PMPer was necessarily forced to = lean upon=20 government as his staff and shield.

Slowly but surely = over the=20 decades since 1830, this mainstream Yankee Protestantism = became=20 secularized into an only vaguely Christian but passionately = held=20 Social Gospel. After all, with this sort of mindset, it was = easy for=20 God to gradually drop from sight, and for government to = assume a=20 quasi-divine role. It was left to the monster Woodrow = Wilson, a=20 PMPer to his very bones and a Ph.D. as well, to take this = domestic=20 creed and extend it to foreign policy. It was essentially a = "today=20 the U.S., tomorrow the world" credo. Once the PMPers took = over the=20 U.S. government and imposed a Kingdom of God at home, their=20 religious duty got raised to the planetary level. As the = historian=20 James Timberlake put it, once the Kingdom of God was being=20 established in the United States, it became "America's = mission to=20 spread these ideals and institutions abroad so that the = Kingdom=20 could be established throughout the world. American = Protestants were=20 accordingly not content merely to work for the kingdom of = God in=20 America, but felt compelled to assist in the reformation of = the rest=20 of the world." (James Timberlake, Prohibition=20 and the Progressive Movement, 1900=961920, New York, = Atheneum,=20 1970, pp. 37=9638)

Since Woodrow Wilson, = every=20 American president has followed faithfully in the footsteps = of the=20 Wilsonian creed. The content of the Kingdom of God to be = imposed on=20 other nations may have changed slightly (from alcohol = prohibition=20 and coerced global "democracy" in Wilson's day to smoking=20 prohibition, free condoms, and global democracy in our own) = but the=20 form and the spirit remain all too much the same.

In=20 the February Triple R, we blasted the Somalian = invasion and=20 cited Isabel Paterson's perceptive and prophetic = denunciation of the=20 "Humanitarian with the Guillotine." Now, in an uncanny, = unconscious=20 echo of Paterson, Michael Maren writes a chilling and = significant=20 article in the leftist Village Voice ("Manna from = Heaven:=20 Somalia Pays the Price for Years of Aid," Jan. 19) about his = own=20 experiences as an American aid worker in Somalia in the = early 1980s.=20 Before that, Maren had spent four years as a leading relief = worker=20 in Kenya. From his African experience, Maren learned a = crucial fact=20 about the African polity: that the urban technocratic and=20 bureaucratic ruling class in the African countries = (generally=20 educated in Marxism in the imperial motherland) has nothing = but=20 total contempt for the productive peasant classes off whom = this=20 ruling elite battens. To the ruling elite, which taxes, = controls,=20 and coerces the peasantry, the peasantry are scum to be=20 "modernized"; particularly scorned are the often prosperous = tribal,=20 cattle-raising nomads, whose nomadic way of life seems to be = a=20 constant reproach to Marxoid technocrats intent on emulating = Stalin=20 and forcing their rural populace into the "twentieth = century." Maren=20 had seen thousands of the nomadic Turkana tribe starve in = Kenya,=20 largely due to the policies of the Kenyan officialdom, who = would=20 "exploit the starving (Turkanas) by offering to trade small = amounts=20 of donated relief food for the hides of their animals, the = last=20 remaining things of value the refugees owned...Ultimately it = dawned=20 on me that the suit-wearing, tea-sipping, Europhile = politicians in=20 Nairobi didn't really give a s__t about the 'primitive' = nomadic=20 people in the north."

Maren, who shifted = from Kenyan=20 to Somalian relief in early 1981, then gives us a good, = concise=20 history of the Somalian polity. Somalia became an = independent state=20 in 1960, as the British and the Italians pulled out of their = respective Somalian colonies and the two joined into one = nation.=20 From the beginning, the Somalian government was obsessed = with=20 fulfilling the promise of the five-pointed star of the new = Somali=20 flag: to incorporate a Greater Somalia uniting all five = groups of=20 ethnic Somalis. Two of those points: Italian Somaliland in = the east=20 and British Somaliland in the north, had already been = achieved, but=20 there were (and still are) three remaining: little Djibouti = in the=20 northwest, formerly French Somaliland and still a client = state of=20 France and containing 5,000 French troops; northeastern = Kenya, to=20 the southwest of Somalia, which is 60 percent Somali; and = the Ogaden=20 desert, to the west of Somalia, which is called Western = Somalia by=20 the Somalis but happens to be groaning under Ethiopian=20 tyranny.

Not=20 much could be done about combating French imperialism in = Djibouti,=20 but the other two goals were considered achievable. Kenya = attained=20 independence a bit later than Somalia, in December 1963, and = Somalia=20 had hoped to lop off northeastern Kenya for its own (called = in Kenya=20 the Northern Frontier District (NFD)). When the Kenyan = government=20 insisted on keeping the NFD, the Kenyan Somalis, egged on by = Somalia, began a long guerrilla war against Kenya, an as yet = futile=20 war that still continues, out of sight and out of mind of = the United=20 Nations.

More=20 explosive was the Ogaden, where Somalia and Ogaden Somalis = launched=20 a guerrilla war against Ethiopia, but stood no chance = against the=20 superior American-trained Ethiopian army under the = "freedom-loving,=20 pro-Western" yet slave-holding Emperor, Haile Selassie, the = Lion of=20 Judah. In 1967, the Somalian government, led by Prime = Minister=20 Mohammed Egal, decided to succumb to reality, and to make = peace with=20 their more powerful neighbors. Egal's peace process had the = merit of=20 facing reality, but it angered the Somali military, who = accused Egal=20 of selling out Greater Somalia and betraying the = five-pointed star;=20 a military coup, led by Major General Mohammed Siad Barre, = ousted=20 Egal and established a dictatorship in October = 1969.

Barre promptly threw = in his lot=20 with "scientific socialism," and he and his Supreme = Revolutionary=20 Council established an alliance with the Soviet Union, happy = to=20 welcome another "Marxist-Leninist" state and to ship arms to = a=20 useful enemy of the "pro-American" Haile Selassie. A massive = Soviet=20 arms buildup, and thousands of Soviet military advisers = training the=20 Somali army, led Ethiopians and Kenyans to become even more = ardent=20 in their "pro-American" passions.

Five=20 years later, however, came the great sea-change in the Horn = of=20 Africa: a military coup of Marxist-Leninist army officers = overthrew=20 the Lion of Judah in 1974 and established a Marxist-Leninist = military dictatorship under the junta, the Dergue, led by = Colonel=20 Meriam. The Soviets embraced the new military junta, and = amidst the=20 turmoil, General Barre took advantage of the Ethiopian = crisis and=20 invaded and conquered the Ogaden in 1977. Another point in = that=20 star!

The=20 Soviets, however, poured arms and the Cubans sent troops to = aid=20 Ethiopia, at which point Barre turned to the United States, = playing=20 down his Marxism-Leninism and undoubtedly discovering a new=20 commitment to "freedom" and "democracy." But the Carter=20 administration was slow in delivering aid, and the = Soviet-aided=20 Ethiopian army drove the Somalian army out of Ogaden in the = spring=20 of 1978.

Barre's popularity = was=20 plummeting in Somalia; the hero of the Ogaden had become the = loser.=20 And so Barre stepped up his dictatorship in Somalia, = increasingly=20 narrowing the ruling clique to his own Marehan tribesmen and = within=20 that to his own relatives. Impervious to any of this = development,=20 the new Reagan administration sent none other than Dr. Henry = Kissinger to Mogadishu in early 1982 to assure the despot = Barre of=20 our eternal support for this "scientific socialist" = dictator, all of=20 course in the name of anti-Communism and the Cold War. As = Maren puts=20 it, "From Washington, the barren wastes of Somalia suddenly = looked=20 like downtown Berlin."

Enter Michael Maren = into=20 Somalia as a food monitor for the U.S. Agency for = International=20 Development (USAID). Maren was in charge of tracking the = relief food=20 from Mogadishu to the Hiran desert district in the north, = which=20 contained nine refugee camps near the Ethiopian border. = Maren=20 quickly found that fully two-thirds of the U.S. food to the = refugees=20 was being stolen, most of the theft being conducted by the = refugee=20 camp commanders, Somali army officers who sold the food, or = else it=20 was just taken by the soldiers, or by the Somali-supported = Ogaden=20 guerrillas of the Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF). = The WSLF=20 also systematically raided the refugee camps for able-bodied = young=20 men, whom they would conscript into their continuing = guerrilla=20 warfare against Ethiopia in the Ogaden.

What=20 about the refugees in the nine camps? Why were they there, = and were=20 they really starving? Maren discovered the truth: in the = first=20 place, the refugees were there because they were nomads = fleeing the=20 Ogaden, where they had been caught between the Ethiopian = army and=20 WSLF. Second, the number of refugees was deliberately highly = inflated by the Somali government, in order to sucker = Americans into=20 sending aid. Barre was claiming two million refugees when = there were=20 far less (he had originally claimed half a million). Thus, = Maren=20 found that one camp, Amalow, which was supposed to have = 18,503=20 refugees, and had food allotted for that many, really had = only about=20 3,500. As a result, far too much food was being = shipped into=20 Somalia and into the camps by the bamboozled = Americans.

Not=20 only that: just as occurred eleven years later, the American = excess=20 of food was inspired by duplicitous journalists, "who took = pictures=20 of the sick and the hungry, and the relief agencies arrived = on the=20 scene with food. And the food was being stolen."

Moreover, Maren = reveals,=20 despite the massive theft, "no one was starving to death in = the=20 refugee camps." Oh, there was plenty of death all right, but = the=20 death was caused by disease: malaria, measles, dysentery,=20 diphtheria, pneumonia, river blindness. But food, though not = the=20 problem, kept pouring in and being stolen.

There was more method = to this=20 madness than simply providing free American food for Barre's = army=20 and for the Ogaden guerrillas. As Maren perceptively points = out, the=20 Somalian government, like the Kenyan government, hates = nomads. Even=20 though the nomadic Somali refugees weren't starving, they = were=20 attracted to settling in the refugee camps by the promise of = free=20 food. After all, it's easier to sit in a camp and receive = food for=20 free than to have to hunt and work for it. As Maren puts=20 it:

"Somalis are nomads = who spend=20 most of their time looking for food. If you put a pile of = food in=20 the desert they will come and get it...The famine camps = were set=20 up and they came."

And=20 so the American food unwittingly played into the hands of = Barre and=20 later Somali rulers: helping to build a modern socialist = state by=20 settling nomads. Maren puts the point = trenchantly:

"African=20 leaders like to settle nomads. Nomads make it hard to = build a=20 modern state, and even harder to build a socialist state. = Nomads=20 can't be taxed, they can't be drafted, and they can't be=20 controlled. They also can't be used to attract foreign = aid, unless=20 you can get them to stay in one place.

"In addition,=20 many African leaders, trying hard to be modern, view = nomads as an=20 embarrassment and a nuisance. Anything 'primitive' is an=20 embarrassment and a nuisance. From Bamko to Nairobi I've = listened=20 to Africa's elite discuss nomads as if they were=20 vermin."

Maren then concludes = about the=20 American relief program of the early 1980s:

"So not only was = the refugee=20 relief program feeding Barre's army, it was settling his=20 population of nomads...And all this was happening with the = assistance of energetic young foreigners who were helping = to build=20 the infrastructure of those new, refugee-populated towns, = setting=20 up clinics, drilling wells, trying to teach the former = nomads how=20 to settle down and grow food."

What=20 had happened to the cattle of the nomad refugees? Some was = lost to=20 drought; the rest was left behind with family members.=20 Traditionally, nomads who had lost their cattle to drought = got=20 assistance from relatives and other clan members; but now, = in 1981,=20 they had another option: free food in the refugee = camps.

But,=20 as Maren points out, the Ogaden desert is sparsely settled: = one=20 family would have eight to ten square miles of desert for = grazing=20 their camels and goats. But the refugee camps played hob = with, you=20 should excuse the expression, the nomad's eco-system. Now = each=20 family was packed into a few square yards. There is no need = to learn=20 about sanitation when you've always got ten square miles of = desert=20 to roam around in. But sanitation became a big problem in = the=20 refugee camps: hence, rampant disease and death.

After monitoring the = relief=20 situation in the Hiran district, Maren and his colleague = Doug Grice,=20 who was performing the same task in the Bardera region and = near the=20 Kenyan border, sat down and wrote reports to their bosses in = the=20 USAID program. The reports concluded that the relief program = was=20 killing at least as many people as it was saving, and that = the net=20 result was to ship food to Somali soldiers who added to = their income=20 by selling food, and to enable the WSLF to use the food as = rations=20 to conduct the guerrilla war in the Ogaden. Their boss = rejected the=20 report, saying: "You guys know you can't write this stuff. = Stick to=20 the facts," i.e., to the amount of food missing and stolen. = And,=20 too, keep the reports technical and boring, so that no = critics of=20 the program might figure out what's going on.

In=20 his final report to his bosses before quitting the program, = Michael=20 Maren pointed out an economic absurdity created by the = program:=20 people in the towns wanted to know why they were not = entitled to the=20 food and health care handed out free to those refugees who = had=20 settled in the camps. A man in the town of Belet Huen =96 = the=20 headquarters town in the Hiran region =96 working for the = very high=20 salary of 800 shillings a month, could not supply his family = with=20 the amount of food the refugees in the camp received for=20 free.

Maren concluded his = report with=20 a prophetic insight into the future: he noted that the = American=20 Private Voluntary Organizations (PVOs) were submitting = hundreds of=20 proposals to improve services to the refugees. But Maren=20 warned:

"Expanded=20 services to the refugees will only aggravate the problem = by=20 encouraging them to stay, and more refugees to arrive. It = will=20 spread more thinly the resource base leaving the door open = for a=20 real emergency situation in the future. The future for = refugees in=20 the camps holds only years of relief."

Instead,=20 Maren declared, the efforts of the international community = should=20 be to get the refugees out of the camps, not to attract=20 more.

A=20 study of the Somali economy at the time discovered that the = relief=20 industry constituted no less than two-thirds of the = Somalian=20 economy. No way that the Somali government would give that = up. And=20 now, twelve years later, the 1981 camps are still there, = "the=20 residents of those camps are still dependent on relief food = and=20 still have no way to earn a living on their own."

So=20 the question is: how could Somalia, a land that used to be=20 self-sufficient in food, have gotten to the point where = virtually=20 everyone seems to be dependent on U.S. and other outside = relief?=20 Michael Maren was succeeded in Somalia by one Chris Cassidy, = who=20 spent seven years there with USAID, Save the Children, and = FAO.=20 Cassidy told Maren recently:

"One of the things = that got=20 Barre and his henchmen p__d off was when you wrote reports = saying=20 that Somalia was self-sufficient in food. That was because = free=20 food is what controls the place. The mentality is, 'Why = should we=20 let people produce their own food and control their own = lives when=20 we can keep them under our thumbs and under the gun? We = claim=20 famine, flood, and refugees and get the food shipped in = here for=20 free. Now we'll tell you when to eat and when you can't=20 eat!'"

In=20 short, the food "crisis" has been deliberately created by = the=20 Somalian government =96 by Barre and his successors =96 in = order to=20 exert control over the Somali population, to tell them when = and who=20 shall or shall not eat. The humanitarian, said Isabel = Paterson, is=20 only happy when a country is filled with breadlines and = hospitals.=20 The humanitarian with the guillotine!

During the Reagan and = Bush=20 administrations, and until 1988, the Barre regime received = the=20 phenomenal sum of $100 million a year in military and = economic aid=20 from the United States. Finally, in May 1988, the major = opposition=20 to Barre, the Somali National Movement of the Issaq tribe in = northern Somalia, seized a few towns; the Barre regime = replied=20 hysterically, bombing, shelling, and gassing their = opposition,=20 killing at least 50,000 people. The regime proceeded to = search for,=20 and execute, unarmed Issaqs, and the result was a civil war = that=20 raged until Barre was finally toppled in the fall of 1990. = By the=20 fall of 1989, Barre's massacres could no longer be = overlooked, and=20 the U.S. cut off its aid to his regime.

Maren's analysis of = the current=20 situation is that this is simply more of the same ills that = have=20 created the problem. The U.S. marines are handing everything = over to=20 the PVOs, the relief people, who aggravate the problem still = more by=20 pouring in more free food. And what do the PVOs get out of = it? Fat=20 government contracts, as well as fat donations by deluded=20 humanitarians who think that these reliefers are doing good = and=20 helping to solve the problem. Journalists help the PVOs by = getting=20 their information from them and featuring these heads of = CARE,=20 Catholic Relief Services, and World Vision on television. = The press=20 assumes "that these are humanitarian agencies whose only = goal is to=20 help people." In fact, warns Maren, "they are organizations = that=20 stand to reap huge benefits in the form of lucrative = contracts to=20 deliver food."

These are the do-good = relief=20 organizations that have only made all the problems worse: = "These are=20 the same organizations that have failed for the past 10 = years in=20 Somalia and all over Africa. (Hundreds of billions of = dollars of aid=20 in Africa over the last thirty years have left the continent = more=20 famine-prone and dependent on outside relief than ever.) = They had=20 thousands of refugees in camps in 1981, and they failed to = get them=20 out of the camps. They didn't get them their cattle back. = They=20 didn't teach them to grow food and to be independent. They = just=20 delivered food and collected grants for development = projects." These=20 relief agencies, Maren declares, want to fail, for = "failure=20 means a chance to try again with new grants, new film = footage for=20 fundraising campaigns, and fresh new volunteers who haven't = learned=20 yet that aid kills."

For=20 the real objective of these agencies, Maren has concluded, = is to=20 raise money. These outfits are essentially rackets. Even = though=20 sending food hasn't really helped, what these agencies can = do best=20 is to raise money. "Aid," Maren declares, "is a business. It = is a=20 business in which people make careers, earn a good living, = get to=20 see interesting places, and have great stories to tell when = they get=20 stateside. It's a business that has to earn money to pay its = executives, pay for retreats and for officials to attend = conferences=20 in Rome, buy four-wheel drive vehicles, buy advertising time = on=20 television. It's a business that makes money by attracting = clients,=20 i.e., starving, needy people."

Maren declares that = he has=20 among his friends several dozen long-time workers for these = African=20 relief agencies. All of them "thought they could do some = good while=20 enjoying the adventure." And not one of them thinks that the = years=20 of work and millions of dollars have helped, have done more = good=20 than harm. "All of them are convinced that whatever the = original=20 intentions of an aid agency, inevitably raising money = becomes the=20 primary objective." That money consists of funds raised = among the=20 American public, but primarily from U.S. government = contracts.=20 Cooking up more projects means getting more funds, which = also means=20 expanding the relief agency. Expanding the agency means more = power=20 for the top executives, and the more money it gets the more = people=20 the agency can claim to be helping.

The=20 crucial point, Maren concludes, is that "reckless use of = food aid=20 causes famine. It depresses local market prices and provides = disincentive for farmers to grow crops." All this makes the = food=20 shortage worse, and causes greater calls for food relief; = and so the=20 well-meaning foreign intervention grows and cumulates, = fueled by=20 agency venality, and causes the spiral of famine-aid-famine = to get=20 worse and worse. Until finally the marines land to try to = solve the=20 problem. The humanitarian with the guillotine.

The=20 only way to solve the problem, Maren declares, "is a way = that may=20 seem cruel": it is to stop the food =96 to "wean = Somalia from=20 dependence on donated food." And then, Maren states, "all of = them =96=20 the marines and the relief agencies =96 should get out as = soon as=20 possible." All in all, Maren concludes, "in the fragile = political=20 and environmental ecosystem of Somalia it is much easier to = screw=20 things up than it is to set them straight...the longer they = (the=20 marines), stay, the worse it will get." No paleolibertarian = could=20 have put it better.

Meanwhile, some = rationality=20 seems to have burst into the pages of the New York = Times, not=20 usually a place receptive to paleolibertarian concerns. = "Does Free=20 Food Hurt?" cries a headline (Jan. 13), and it turns out = that there=20 is a "paradox" of famine relief: food charity has just about = ruined=20 the previously prosperous farm population of Somalia. For = who will=20 buy food from local farmers when they can get food free from = international suckers?

The=20 "paradox" that so confused the Times correspondents = is=20 actually natural law =96 economic law =96 at work. It is a = law that=20 decrees: government intervention, out! In Somalia, or, for = that=20 matter, anywhere else.

This=20 essay is included, with many others, in the Lew=20 Rockwell-edited Irrepressible=20 Rothbard

Buy=20 = it

Murray N.=20 Rothbard (1926=961995) was the author of M= an,=20 Economy, and State, C= onceived=20 in Liberty, W= hat=20 Has Government Done to Our Money, For a = New=20 Liberty, T= he=20 Case Against the Fed, and many other books = and=20 articles. He was also = the editor=20 =96 with Lew Rockwell =96 of The=20 Rothbard-Rockwell Report.

Murray=20 Rothbard Archives=20 =

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